CROSSMAGLEN covers 105.6 km² in Northern Ireland. With 43 historic sites and 6 scheduled monuments on record, the ward sits at the 62nd percentile across all 462 NI wards for combined archaeological heritage. It also records 31 listed buildings (HED Historic Buildings Record), the 62nd percentile for listed-building density across NI wards. Per 1,000 residents, this works out at 20.4 recorded sites — the 62nd percentile across NI wards (a measure of heritage density relative to current population). Dated archaeological evidence runs from the Mesolithic through to the Modern period, spanning 6 archaeological periods, around the NI median for chronological depth.
Heritage at a glance
Percentile rankings throughout this profile compare each ward only against the other 461 Northern Ireland wards.
Population context
The recorded heritage of CROSSMAGLEN
Of the 43 historic sites recorded, the most common are Rath (8, 19% of historic sites), Enclosure (3), and Rath: Corliss Lower Fort (1). For Raths, this is the 58th percentile among NI wards that record this type. For Enclosures, this is the 27th percentile among NI wards that record this type. Across the ward's 105.6 km², this gives a recorded density of 0.76 sites per km² (all heritage types combined). Scheduled monuments are distributed across approximately 0.06° of latitude and 0.03° of longitude within the ward, indicating dispersed rather than clustered placement.
Most common monument types
| Type | Count | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rath | 8 | — |
| Enclosure | 3 | — |
| Rath: Corliss Lower Fort | 1 | — |
Chronological distribution
Terrain and environment
With a mean elevation of 109m, this ward sits above the NI median (76th percentile), reaching 166m at the highest point. Mean slope is 4.5° (57th percentile across NI), giving moderately undulating terrain. The Topographic Wetness Index of 10.3 (41th NI percentile) indicates moderate drainage, balanced between upland shedding and lowland accumulation. The land cover is dominated by improved grassland (82%) and woodland (11%). In overall character, this is elevated but relatively gentle terrain — typical of plateau country, with land use dominated by improved grassland.
Terrain measurements
Where this ward sits in NI
Geology and preservation
The dominant bedrock formed during the Palaeozoic era (Silurian period). Ancient sedimentary or metamorphic rock dating to before the age of dinosaurs; the resulting landscape has been long-stable enough to host every period of human activity. Peat covers 9% of the ward — a minor share, but where it occurs it can preserve organic finds in good condition. Bedrock composition is uniform (complexity index 0.00), with a single dominant geological unit underlying most of the ward. A uniform geology narrows the natural lithic-resource base available to past inhabitants.
Placename evidence
The combined OSNI, Logainm NI, and GeoNames sources record 42 placenames for this ward. Of those, 3 fall into the pre-Christian defensive category (rath-, dún-, lios-, caiseal-) — the only diagnostic heritage stratum identified beyond the generic Gaelic landscape substrate. Note: Irish-language (name_ga) forms are recorded for roughly half of NI placenames in the combined sources, so anglicised forms whose Irish original could belong to multiple categories may be misclassified.
Placename categories
Scheduled monuments in CROSSMAGLEN
Scheduled monuments are sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, designated by the Historic Environment Division (HED).
| Monument | Type | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Rath: Lisamry Fort | Rath: Lisamry Fort | Early Medieval |
| Rath: Tullyard Fort | Rath: Tullyard Fort | Early Medieval |
| Standing Stones (remains of megalithic tomb?) | Standing Stones (Remains Of Megalithic Tomb?) | Neolithic |
| Rath and Souterrain: Corliss Fort | Rath And Souterrain: Corliss Fort | Iron Age |
| Rath: Drumboy Fort | Rath: Drumboy Fort | Early Medieval |
| State Care Court Tomb | State Care Court Tomb | Neolithic |
Recorded historic sites
| Name | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
| A.P. SITE – large circular enclosure | Iron Age | Unknown |
| BIVALLATE RATH AND SOUTERRAIN: CORLISS FORT or THE BEECH FORT or DONAGHY'S FORT | Early Medieval | Defence |
| CAIRN | Mesolithic | Ritual/Funerary |
| CAIRN?: CRAIGANORAN | Mesolithic | Ritual/Funerary |
| CASHEL & ?SOUTERRAIN | Early Medieval | Defence |
| CASHEL (unlocated) | Early Medieval | Defence |
| CASHEL? | Early Medieval | Defence |
| CHURCH & GRAVEYARD: KILLYOUGHRAN | Medieval | Ritual/Funerary |
| COUNTERSCARP RATH & SOUTERRAIN: LISAMRY FORT | Early Medieval | Defence |
| COUNTERSCARP RATH & possible SOUTERRAIN: DRUMBOY FORT | Early Medieval | Defence |
Listed buildings in CROSSMAGLEN
| Address / Name | Grade | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Loane's Drapery 4 Cardinal O'Fiaich Square Crossmaglen Co Armagh BT35 9AA | Record Only | 1840 – 1859 |
| 11 MARKET SQUARE (NOW KNOWN AS CARDINAL O'FIAICH SQUARE) CROSSMAGLEN CO.ARMAGH | B2 | — |
| 12 MARKET SQUARE (NOW KNOWN AS CARDINAL O'FIAICH SQUARE) CROSSMAGLEN CO.ARMAGH | B2 | — |
| ST. PATRICK'S R C CHURCH NEWRY ST. CROSSMAGLEN CO.ARMAGH | B | — |
| ART HAMILL'S BRIDGE CULLAVILLE CROSSMAGLEN CO.ARMAGH | B2 | — |
| Milltown Bridge Liscalgat Tl, Newry, Co.Armagh | D1 Record Only | — |
| Urcher Lodge, Urcher Tl, Creggan, Newry, Co. Armagh BT35 9DH | D1 Record Only | — |
| Former Court House and Market House NE Market Square (Now known as Cardinal O’Fiaich Square) Crossmaglen TL Co. Armagh BT35 9HQ | D1 Record Only | — |
| House No. 4, NE Market Square (Now known as 41 Cardinal O’Fiaich Square) Crossmaglen TL Co. Armagh BT35 9HQ | D1 Record Only | — |
| Block 5 NE Market Square (Now known as Cardinal O’Fiaich Square) Crossmaglen TL Co. Armagh BT35 9HQ | D1 Record Only | — |
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See all 462 wards in the Northern Ireland Heritage Tool.
Want a deeper view?
Grounding History: 10 Maps of Northern Ireland’s Past
A spatial history report bringing together analysis of all 462 wards into one place through 10 high-quality maps — covering monument density, archaeological periods, placename heritage, terrain, wetland, and the historic landscape at first survey.
About this profile
What is a ward?
A ward is the smallest electoral and statistical geography used by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The boundaries used here are the 2014 NISRA / OSNI Wards (462 across Northern Ireland), each typically covering 1-700 km² and a population of a few thousand. Wards do not align with parishes, townlands, or any historic administrative unit — they are a modern statistical convenience, used here only as a fixed spatial frame within which to summarise heritage records.
What counts as a site?
Three distinct heritage record types are reported separately, not combined: (1) Historic Sites — entries in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR), the inventory of recorded archaeological sites and findspots, dated from prehistoric to early-modern; (2) Scheduled Monuments — sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995 and maintained by the Historic Environment Division (HED); (3) Listed Buildings — buildings of architectural or historic interest protected under the Planning Act (NI) 2011 and graded A, B+, B1, B2, or Record-Only by HED. A site appearing in more than one register is counted in each register independently.
Editorial principles
These ward profiles describe evidence, not history. They report what is recorded, not what occurred. Where the data is ambiguous, we say so. We do not infer historical processes — population movements, settlement expansion, periods of decline — from patterns in the record. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: in Northern Ireland, where antiquarian survey was uneven and modern excavation is geographically biased, a gap in the record almost always reflects the limits of recording rather than a genuine historical absence. We mark such gaps explicitly where they appear in the data.
Limits of coverage and known caveats
Several caveats apply to every ward profile: (1) NISMR coverage is uneven across NI — some areas (notably parts of the south-east and the Belfast urban fringe) have been more intensively surveyed than others, so a low recorded site count does not reliably indicate a low past density of activity; (2) period attributions in NISMR are often 'Unknown', and chronological breakdowns reported here reflect only the dated subset; (3) placename classification depends on the Irish-language form (name_ga), which is recorded for approximately 50% of NI placenames in the combined sources, so ecclesiastical and pre-Christian counts may be understated where anglicised forms remain unparsed; (4) terrain percentile ranks compare each ward only to the other 461 NI wards; they are not absolute thresholds. For absence-dominant land cover categories (wetland, water, cropland), percentile ranks are suppressed below 1% raw value, since the ranking of zero-value wards is not meaningful.
Data sources (11)
- Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR) https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/nismr-public-mapviewer
- HED Scheduled Monuments Dataset https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@historic-environment-division/scheduled-monuments-northern-ireland
- HED Historic Buildings Record https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/topics/historic-environment/listed-buildings
- OSNI OS Open Names (Northern Ireland) https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data—50k-gazetteer
- Logainm — Placenames Database of Ireland https://www.logainm.ie/
- GeoNames https://www.geonames.org/
- Census 2021 (Northern Ireland) https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/2021-census
- OSNI Open Data — Largescale Boundaries https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data-largescale-boundaries-wards-2012
- Copernicus GLO-30 DEM https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model
- ESA WorldCover https://esa-worldcover.org/
- GSNI 1:250,000 Geology https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/maps/