CRUMLIN covers 38.8 km² in Northern Ireland. With 47 historic sites and 0 scheduled monuments on record, the ward sits at the 59th percentile across all 462 NI wards for combined archaeological heritage. It also records 29 listed buildings (HED Historic Buildings Record), the 60th percentile for listed-building density across NI wards. Per 1,000 residents, this works out at 20.6 recorded sites — the 63rd percentile across NI wards (a measure of heritage density relative to current population). Dated archaeological evidence runs from the Mesolithic through to the Modern period, spanning 7 archaeological periods, placing the ward in the 79th percentile NI-wide for chronological depth.
Heritage at a glance
Percentile rankings throughout this profile compare each ward only against the other 461 Northern Ireland wards.
Population context
The recorded heritage of CRUMLIN
Of the 47 historic sites recorded, the most common are Enclosure (Chart) (13, 28% of historic sites), A.P. Site – Circular Cropmark (4), and Rath (3). For Enclosure (Chart)s, this is the 25th percentile across NI wards that record this type. For A.P. Site – Circular Cropmarks, this is the 62nd percentile among NI wards that record this type. Across the ward's 38.8 km², this gives a recorded density of 1.96 sites per km² (all heritage types combined).
Most common monument types
| Type | Count | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Enclosure (chart) | 13 | — |
| A.p. Site – Circular Cropmark | 4 | — |
| Rath | 3 | — |
Chronological distribution
Terrain and environment
Mean elevation of 36m sits around the NI median (28th percentile), reaching 86m at the highest point. The terrain is broadly flat, with a mean slope of 2.0° (2th percentile across NI). Drainage is poor across much of the ward — the Topographic Wetness Index of 11.9 sits in the 97th NI percentile, reflecting low-lying or impeded-drainage ground prone to waterlogging. The land-cover mosaic combines improved grassland (65%), open water (16%), and woodland (9%), giving a mixed agricultural and semi-natural landscape. In overall character, this is low-lying, gently-sloping terrain — characteristic of NI's lowland basins and coastal plains, with land use dominated by improved grassland.
Terrain measurements
Where this ward sits in NI
Geology and preservation
The dominant bedrock formed during the Cainozoic era (Palaeogene period). Relatively young rock formed in the last 66 million years. In Ulster, Cainozoic basalt — the lava that created the Antrim Plateau and Giant's Causeway — dominates much of the eastern landscape. Bedrock composition is varied (complexity index 0.99, on a 0-1 Simpson-style scale), with multiple geological units within the ward boundary. Geologically diverse wards historically offered a wider range of stone types for building, toolmaking, and quarrying — a relevant factor when interpreting the material culture of nearby sites.
Placename evidence
This ward has only 10 placenames recorded across OSNI, Logainm NI, and GeoNames, none of which fall into the diagnostic categories used for heritage analysis (ecclesiastical, defensive, Norse, Anglo-Norman, or Plantation-era). The remainder are generic Gaelic landscape forms that are common across Ireland and carry no specific period signal.
Recorded historic sites
| Name | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
| A.P. SITE – cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – BARROW? | Mesolithic | Ritual/Funerary |
| A.P. SITE – Barrow? | Early Bronze Age | Ritual/Funerary |
| A.P. SITE – RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE & SQUARE PLATFORM | Iron Age | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark – EARLY CHRISTIAN OCCUPATION SITE | Early Medieval | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark – rath? | Early Medieval | Defence |
Listed buildings in CRUMLIN
| Address / Name | Grade | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Leap Bridge Lurgan Road Glenavy Crumlin Co Antrim BT29 | B2 | 1740 – 1759 |
| Crumlin Bridge Mill Road Crumlin Co Antrim | B1 | 1780 – 1799 |
| Crumlin Presbyterian Church Main Street Crumlin, Co Antrim | B1 | 1820 – 1839 |
| Session Room Crumlin Presbyterian Church Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim | B2 | 1820 – 1839 |
| Sexton's House 93 Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim BT29 4UU | B2 | 1820 – 1839 |
| 50 Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim BT29 4UR | B2 | 1840 – 1859 |
| 48 Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim BT29 4UR | Record Only | 1840 – 1859 |
| Non-Subscribing Presbyterian Church Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim | A | 1820 – 1839 |
| War Memorial War Memorial Park Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim | Record Only | 1920 – 1939 |
| Pakenham Memorial Main Street Crumlin Co Antrim | B2 | 1880 – 1899 |
Discover more in Antrim and Newtownabbey
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See all 462 wards in the Northern Ireland Heritage Tool.
Want a deeper view?
Grounding History: 10 Maps of Northern Ireland’s Past
A spatial history report bringing together analysis of all 462 wards into one place through 10 high-quality maps — covering monument density, archaeological periods, placename heritage, terrain, wetland, and the historic landscape at first survey.
About this profile
What is a ward?
A ward is the smallest electoral and statistical geography used by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The boundaries used here are the 2014 NISRA / OSNI Wards (462 across Northern Ireland), each typically covering 1-700 km² and a population of a few thousand. Wards do not align with parishes, townlands, or any historic administrative unit — they are a modern statistical convenience, used here only as a fixed spatial frame within which to summarise heritage records.
What counts as a site?
Three distinct heritage record types are reported separately, not combined: (1) Historic Sites — entries in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR), the inventory of recorded archaeological sites and findspots, dated from prehistoric to early-modern; (2) Scheduled Monuments — sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995 and maintained by the Historic Environment Division (HED); (3) Listed Buildings — buildings of architectural or historic interest protected under the Planning Act (NI) 2011 and graded A, B+, B1, B2, or Record-Only by HED. A site appearing in more than one register is counted in each register independently.
Editorial principles
These ward profiles describe evidence, not history. They report what is recorded, not what occurred. Where the data is ambiguous, we say so. We do not infer historical processes — population movements, settlement expansion, periods of decline — from patterns in the record. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: in Northern Ireland, where antiquarian survey was uneven and modern excavation is geographically biased, a gap in the record almost always reflects the limits of recording rather than a genuine historical absence. We mark such gaps explicitly where they appear in the data.
Limits of coverage and known caveats
Several caveats apply to every ward profile: (1) NISMR coverage is uneven across NI — some areas (notably parts of the south-east and the Belfast urban fringe) have been more intensively surveyed than others, so a low recorded site count does not reliably indicate a low past density of activity; (2) period attributions in NISMR are often 'Unknown', and chronological breakdowns reported here reflect only the dated subset; (3) placename classification depends on the Irish-language form (name_ga), which is recorded for approximately 50% of NI placenames in the combined sources, so ecclesiastical and pre-Christian counts may be understated where anglicised forms remain unparsed; (4) terrain percentile ranks compare each ward only to the other 461 NI wards; they are not absolute thresholds. For absence-dominant land cover categories (wetland, water, cropland), percentile ranks are suppressed below 1% raw value, since the ranking of zero-value wards is not meaningful.
Data sources (11)
- Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR) https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/nismr-public-mapviewer
- HED Scheduled Monuments Dataset https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@historic-environment-division/scheduled-monuments-northern-ireland
- HED Historic Buildings Record https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/topics/historic-environment/listed-buildings
- OSNI OS Open Names (Northern Ireland) https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data—50k-gazetteer
- Logainm — Placenames Database of Ireland https://www.logainm.ie/
- GeoNames https://www.geonames.org/
- Census 2021 (Northern Ireland) https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/2021-census
- OSNI Open Data — Largescale Boundaries https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data-largescale-boundaries-wards-2012
- Copernicus GLO-30 DEM https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model
- ESA WorldCover https://esa-worldcover.org/
- GSNI 1:250,000 Geology https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/maps/