GLEN covers 18.6 km² in Northern Ireland. With 7 historic sites and 5 scheduled monuments on record, the ward sits at the 35th percentile across all 462 NI wards for combined archaeological heritage. It also records 10 listed buildings (HED Historic Buildings Record), the 33rd percentile for listed-building density across NI wards. Per 1,000 residents, this works out at 4.9 recorded sites — the 34th percentile across NI wards (a measure of heritage density relative to current population). Dated archaeological evidence runs from the Mesolithic through to the Post-Medieval period, spanning 2 archaeological periods, the 22nd percentile across NI wards (a relatively narrow chronological band).
Heritage at a glance
Percentile rankings throughout this profile compare each ward only against the other 461 Northern Ireland wards.
Population context
The recorded heritage of GLEN
Of the 7 historic sites recorded, the most common are Findspots – Unlocated (1, 14% of historic sites), Findspot Of One Mesolithic Flake – Unlocated (1), and Lead Mine – Chimney (Ihr Site – C.F. Ihr 2632 For Details) (1). For Findspots – Unlocateds, this is the 0th percentile across NI wards that record this type. For Findspot Of One Mesolithic Flake – Unlocateds, this is the 0th percentile across NI wards that record this type. Across the ward's 18.6 km², this gives a recorded density of 1.18 sites per km² (all heritage types combined). Scheduled monuments occupy a compact area within the ward (less than 0.02° of geographic spread), indicating clustered placement.
Most common monument types
| Type | Count | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Findspots – Unlocated | 1 | — |
| Findspot Of One Mesolithic Flake – Unlocated | 1 | — |
| Lead Mine – Chimney (ihr Site – C.f. Ihr 2632 For Details) | 1 | — |
Chronological distribution
Terrain and environment
Mean elevation of 76m sits around the NI median (61th percentile), reaching 142m at the highest point. Mean slope is 5.2° (74th percentile across NI), giving moderately undulating terrain. The Topographic Wetness Index of 9.9 (23th NI percentile) indicates moderate drainage, balanced between upland shedding and lowland accumulation. The land-cover mosaic combines improved grassland (54%), woodland (34%), and urban land (12%), giving a mixed agricultural and semi-natural landscape.
Terrain measurements
Where this ward sits in NI
Geology and preservation
The dominant bedrock formed during the Palaeozoic era (Silurian period). Ancient sedimentary or metamorphic rock dating to before the age of dinosaurs; the resulting landscape has been long-stable enough to host every period of human activity. Bedrock composition is uniform (complexity index 0.20), with a single dominant geological unit underlying most of the ward. A uniform geology narrows the natural lithic-resource base available to past inhabitants.
Placename evidence
This ward has only 3 placenames recorded across OSNI, Logainm NI, and GeoNames, none of which fall into the diagnostic categories used for heritage analysis (ecclesiastical, defensive, Norse, Anglo-Norman, or Plantation-era). The remainder are generic Gaelic landscape forms that are common across Ireland and carry no specific period signal.
Scheduled monuments in GLEN
Scheduled monuments are sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, designated by the Historic Environment Division (HED).
| Monument | Type | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Windmill | Windmill | Post-Medieval |
| Lead Mine: Chimney | Lead Mine: Chimney | Unknown |
| Lead mine: chimney of south engine-house | Lead Mine: Chimney Of South Engine-House | Unknown |
| Lead Mine: windmill stump | Lead Mine: Windmill Stump | Post-Medieval |
| Lead mine: bog shaft, engine-house and ancillery structures including chimney and out-buildings | Lead Mine: Bog Shaft, Engine-House And Ancillery Structures Including Chimney And Out-Buildings | Unknown |
Recorded historic sites
| Name | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Findspot of one Mesolithic flake – unlocated | Mesolithic | Unknown |
| Findspots – unlocated | Unknown | Unknown |
| LEAD MINE – Windmill stump (c.f. IHR 2633:2 for details) | Post-Medieval | Agriculture |
| LEAD MINE – CHIMNEY (IHR site – c.f. IHR 2632 for details) | Post-Medieval | Industrial |
| LEAD MINE – Chimney of South Engine House (IHR site – c.f. IHR 2633:1 for details) | Post-Medieval | Industrial |
| LEAD MINE- Bog Shaft; Engine House; Ancillary Structures (c.f. IHR 2633:2 for details) | Post-Medieval | Industrial |
| WINDMILL (c.f. IHR 2647 for details) | Post-Medieval | Agriculture |
Listed buildings in GLEN
| Address / Name | Grade | Period |
|---|---|---|
| 30 Mountain Road Newtownards County Down BT23 4UL | B2 | 1960 – 1979 |
| Ruined winding engine house and chimney Old lead mine Whitespots Newtownards Co. Down | Record Only | 1820 – 1839 |
| Windmill stump Old lead mines Whitespots Newtownards Co. Down | Record Only | 1820 – 1839 |
| Ruined winding house and chimney Old lead mines Whitespots Newtownards Co Down | Record Only | 1840 – 1859 |
| Chimney Old lead mines Whitespots Newtownards Co Down | Record Only | 1840 – 1859 |
| Brooke House 41 Crawfordsburn Road Newtownards Co. Down BT23 4EA | Record Only | 1860 – 1879 |
| Glen House Mountain Road Newtownards Co. Down BT23 4UL | Record Only | 1880 – 1899 |
| Glenvale 47 & 49 Crawfordsburn Road Newtownards Co. Down BT23 4EA | Record Only | 1820 – 1839 |
| 112 Crawfordsburn Road Ballyskeagh Low Newtownards Co Down BT23 4UJ | Record Only | 1820 – 1839 |
| Castle Toppy 114 Crawfordsburn Road Ballyskeagh Low Newtownards Co Down BT23 4UJ | Record Only | 1860 – 1879 |
Discover more in Ards and North Down
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See all 462 wards in the Northern Ireland Heritage Tool.
Want a deeper view?
Grounding History: 10 Maps of Northern Ireland’s Past
A spatial history report bringing together analysis of all 462 wards into one place through 10 high-quality maps — covering monument density, archaeological periods, placename heritage, terrain, wetland, and the historic landscape at first survey.
About this profile
What is a ward?
A ward is the smallest electoral and statistical geography used by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The boundaries used here are the 2014 NISRA / OSNI Wards (462 across Northern Ireland), each typically covering 1-700 km² and a population of a few thousand. Wards do not align with parishes, townlands, or any historic administrative unit — they are a modern statistical convenience, used here only as a fixed spatial frame within which to summarise heritage records.
What counts as a site?
Three distinct heritage record types are reported separately, not combined: (1) Historic Sites — entries in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR), the inventory of recorded archaeological sites and findspots, dated from prehistoric to early-modern; (2) Scheduled Monuments — sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995 and maintained by the Historic Environment Division (HED); (3) Listed Buildings — buildings of architectural or historic interest protected under the Planning Act (NI) 2011 and graded A, B+, B1, B2, or Record-Only by HED. A site appearing in more than one register is counted in each register independently.
Editorial principles
These ward profiles describe evidence, not history. They report what is recorded, not what occurred. Where the data is ambiguous, we say so. We do not infer historical processes — population movements, settlement expansion, periods of decline — from patterns in the record. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: in Northern Ireland, where antiquarian survey was uneven and modern excavation is geographically biased, a gap in the record almost always reflects the limits of recording rather than a genuine historical absence. We mark such gaps explicitly where they appear in the data.
Limits of coverage and known caveats
Several caveats apply to every ward profile: (1) NISMR coverage is uneven across NI — some areas (notably parts of the south-east and the Belfast urban fringe) have been more intensively surveyed than others, so a low recorded site count does not reliably indicate a low past density of activity; (2) period attributions in NISMR are often 'Unknown', and chronological breakdowns reported here reflect only the dated subset; (3) placename classification depends on the Irish-language form (name_ga), which is recorded for approximately 50% of NI placenames in the combined sources, so ecclesiastical and pre-Christian counts may be understated where anglicised forms remain unparsed; (4) terrain percentile ranks compare each ward only to the other 461 NI wards; they are not absolute thresholds. For absence-dominant land cover categories (wetland, water, cropland), percentile ranks are suppressed below 1% raw value, since the ranking of zero-value wards is not meaningful.
Data sources (11)
- Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR) https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/nismr-public-mapviewer
- HED Scheduled Monuments Dataset https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@historic-environment-division/scheduled-monuments-northern-ireland
- HED Historic Buildings Record https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/topics/historic-environment/listed-buildings
- OSNI OS Open Names (Northern Ireland) https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data—50k-gazetteer
- Logainm — Placenames Database of Ireland https://www.logainm.ie/
- GeoNames https://www.geonames.org/
- Census 2021 (Northern Ireland) https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/2021-census
- OSNI Open Data — Largescale Boundaries https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data-largescale-boundaries-wards-2012
- Copernicus GLO-30 DEM https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model
- ESA WorldCover https://esa-worldcover.org/
- GSNI 1:250,000 Geology https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/maps/