24 historic sites 1 scheduled monuments 172 listed buildings 5 archaeological periods

HILLSBOROUGH covers 66.9 km² in Northern Ireland. With 24 historic sites and 1 scheduled monument on record, the ward sits at the 91st percentile across all 462 NI wards for combined archaeological heritage. It also records 172 listed buildings (HED Historic Buildings Record), the 98th percentile for listed-building density across NI wards. Per 1,000 residents, this works out at 59.5 recorded sites — the 94th percentile across NI wards (a measure of heritage density relative to current population). Dated archaeological evidence runs from the Early Bronze Age through to the Post-Medieval period, spanning 5 archaeological periods, around the NI median for chronological depth.

Detailed boundary map of HILLSBOROUGH ward, Lisburn and Castlereagh
HILLSBOROUGH boundary detail
Regional context map showing HILLSBOROUGH ward within Lisburn and Castlereagh
HILLSBOROUGH in regional context

Heritage at a glance

Percentile rankings throughout this profile compare each ward only against the other 461 Northern Ireland wards.

24
Historic sites
59th percentile
1
Scheduled monuments
41st percentile
172
Listed buildings
98th percentile
2.94
Sites per km²

Population context

50
Persons per km²
37th percentile
59.5
Sites per 1,000 residents
94th percentile
3,312
Total residents (2021)

The recorded heritage of HILLSBOROUGH

Of the 24 historic sites recorded, the most common are Enclosure (4, 17% of historic sites), Counterscarp Rath (2), and Rath (2). For Enclosures, this is the 38th percentile among NI wards that record this type. For Counterscarp Raths, this is the 33rd percentile among NI wards that record this type. Across the ward's 66.9 km², this gives a recorded density of 2.94 sites per km² (all heritage types combined).

Most common monument types

TypeCountDescription
Enclosure 4
Counterscarp Rath 2
Rath 2

Chronological distribution

Early Bronze Age
2
Middle Late Bronze Age
1
Iron Age
7
Early Medieval
8
Post Medieval
4
Unknown
2

Terrain and environment

With a mean elevation of 130m, this ward sits above the NI median (84th percentile), reaching 183m at the highest point. Mean slope is 4.9° (68th percentile across NI), giving moderately undulating terrain. The Topographic Wetness Index of 10.0 (27th NI percentile) indicates moderate drainage, balanced between upland shedding and lowland accumulation. The land-cover mosaic combines improved grassland (68%), woodland (20%), and arable farmland (8%), giving a mixed agricultural and semi-natural landscape. In overall character, this is elevated but relatively gentle terrain — typical of plateau country, with land use dominated by improved grassland.

Terrain measurements

Mean elevation130.2 m 84th pct
Max elevation182.8 m 71st pct
Mean slope4.9° 68th pct
Wetness index (TWI)10.01 28th pct
Grassland67.7% 62nd pct
Woodland19.7% 57th pct
Cropland8.1% 89th pct
Urban land3.9% 37th pct

Where this ward sits in NI

Elevation
84th
Slope
68th
Drainage
28th
Grassland
62nd
Woodland
57th

Geology and preservation

The dominant bedrock formed during the Palaeozoic era (Silurian period). Ancient sedimentary or metamorphic rock dating to before the age of dinosaurs; the resulting landscape has been long-stable enough to host every period of human activity. Bedrock composition is moderately varied (complexity index 0.54), with two or three geological units present within the ward boundary.

Bedrock eraPalaeozoic
Bedrock periodSilurian
Surface depositsTill
Peat coverage0.0%
Bedrock complexity0.54

Placename evidence

The combined OSNI, Logainm NI, and GeoNames sources record 16 placenames for this ward. Of those, 1 fall into the pre-Christian defensive category (rath-, dún-, lios-, caiseal-) — the only diagnostic heritage stratum identified beyond the generic Gaelic landscape substrate. Note: Irish-language (name_ga) forms are recorded for roughly half of NI placenames in the combined sources, so anglicised forms whose Irish original could belong to multiple categories may be misclassified.

Placename categories

Pre-Christian Defensive (rath-, dun-, lis-)1 name

Scheduled monuments in HILLSBOROUGH

Scheduled monuments are sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, designated by the Historic Environment Division (HED).

MonumentTypePeriod
Hillsborough FortHillsborough FortUnknown

Recorded historic sites

NamePeriodType
ARTILLERY FORT AND RATH: HILLSBOROUGH FORTEarly MedievalDefence
Brnze Age occupation featuresEarly Bronze AgeUnknown
Burnt Spread, trough and postholes (BA)Middle-Late Bronze AgeUnknown
COUNTERSCARP RATHEarly MedievalDefence
COUNTERSCARP RATHEarly MedievalDefence
Cemetery associated with Early Medieval/Medieval/Post-Medieval Church of St MalachiasEarly MedievalReligious
EARLY MEDIEVAL, MEDIEVAL & POST-MEDIEVAL CHURCH SITE: DRUMBOO; ST. MALACIAS OF CRUMLINEarly MedievalReligious
ENCLOSUREIron AgeUnknown
ENCLOSUREIron AgeUnknown
ENCLOSUREIron AgeUnknown

Listed buildings in HILLSBOROUGH

Address / NameGradePeriod
St. Malachy's Parish Church of Ireland Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEA1760 – 1779
Gate Screen and Lodges St. Malachy's Parish Church of Ireland Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEA1760 – 1779
Gateway to Pleasure Garden St. Malachy's Parish Church of Ireland Main Street Hillsborough Co. Down BT26 6AEB11740 – 1759
18 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB11800 – 1819
32 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB11780 – 1799
7 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB11820 – 1839
9 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB11780 – 1799
11 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB11780 – 1799
Hill House 35 Main Street Hillsborough County Down BT26 6AEB+1780 – 1799
The Curatage 6 The Square Hillsborough Co. Down BT26 6AGB21780 – 1799

Discover more in Lisburn and Castlereagh

Grounding History report mockup

Want a deeper view?

Grounding History: 10 Maps of Northern Ireland’s Past

A spatial history report bringing together analysis of all 462 wards into one place through 10 high-quality maps — covering monument density, archaeological periods, placename heritage, terrain, wetland, and the historic landscape at first survey.

About this profile

What is a ward?

A ward is the smallest electoral and statistical geography used by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The boundaries used here are the 2014 NISRA / OSNI Wards (462 across Northern Ireland), each typically covering 1-700 km² and a population of a few thousand. Wards do not align with parishes, townlands, or any historic administrative unit — they are a modern statistical convenience, used here only as a fixed spatial frame within which to summarise heritage records.

What counts as a site?

Three distinct heritage record types are reported separately, not combined: (1) Historic Sites — entries in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR), the inventory of recorded archaeological sites and findspots, dated from prehistoric to early-modern; (2) Scheduled Monuments — sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995 and maintained by the Historic Environment Division (HED); (3) Listed Buildings — buildings of architectural or historic interest protected under the Planning Act (NI) 2011 and graded A, B+, B1, B2, or Record-Only by HED. A site appearing in more than one register is counted in each register independently.

Editorial principles

These ward profiles describe evidence, not history. They report what is recorded, not what occurred. Where the data is ambiguous, we say so. We do not infer historical processes — population movements, settlement expansion, periods of decline — from patterns in the record. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: in Northern Ireland, where antiquarian survey was uneven and modern excavation is geographically biased, a gap in the record almost always reflects the limits of recording rather than a genuine historical absence. We mark such gaps explicitly where they appear in the data.

Limits of coverage and known caveats

Several caveats apply to every ward profile: (1) NISMR coverage is uneven across NI — some areas (notably parts of the south-east and the Belfast urban fringe) have been more intensively surveyed than others, so a low recorded site count does not reliably indicate a low past density of activity; (2) period attributions in NISMR are often 'Unknown', and chronological breakdowns reported here reflect only the dated subset; (3) placename classification depends on the Irish-language form (name_ga), which is recorded for approximately 50% of NI placenames in the combined sources, so ecclesiastical and pre-Christian counts may be understated where anglicised forms remain unparsed; (4) terrain percentile ranks compare each ward only to the other 461 NI wards; they are not absolute thresholds. For absence-dominant land cover categories (wetland, water, cropland), percentile ranks are suppressed below 1% raw value, since the ranking of zero-value wards is not meaningful.

Data sources (11)
Spotted an error? This dataset is updated continuously. Email contact@danielkirkpatrick.co.uk with corrections, missing records, or suggestions for improvement.