GRANSHA covers 220.8 km² in Northern Ireland. With 80 historic sites and 8 scheduled monuments on record, the ward sits at the 80th percentile across all 462 NI wards for combined archaeological heritage. It also records 42 listed buildings (HED Historic Buildings Record), the 72nd percentile for listed-building density across NI wards. Per 1,000 residents, this works out at 25.2 recorded sites — the 69th percentile across NI wards (a measure of heritage density relative to current population). Dated archaeological evidence runs from the Mesolithic through to the Modern period, spanning 6 archaeological periods, around the NI median for chronological depth.
Heritage at a glance
Percentile rankings throughout this profile compare each ward only against the other 461 Northern Ireland wards.
Population context
The recorded heritage of GRANSHA
Of the 80 historic sites recorded, the most common are Rath (19, 24% of historic sites), Enclosure (14), and A.P. Site (3). For Raths, this is the 85th percentile across NI wards that record this type. For Enclosures, this is the 81st percentile across NI wards that record this type. Across the ward's 220.8 km², this gives a recorded density of 0.59 sites per km² (all heritage types combined). Scheduled monuments are distributed across approximately 0.11° of latitude and 0.08° of longitude within the ward, indicating dispersed rather than clustered placement.
Most common monument types
| Type | Count | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rath | 19 | — |
| Enclosure | 14 | — |
| A.p. Site | 3 | — |
Chronological distribution
Terrain and environment
With a mean elevation of 136m, this ward sits above the NI median (85th percentile), reaching 236m at the highest point. Mean slope is 5.2° (76th percentile across NI), giving moderately undulating terrain. The ward is well-drained, with a Topographic Wetness Index of 9.8 (18th NI percentile) — characteristic of upland or steeply-sloping ground that sheds water rapidly. The land-cover mosaic combines improved grassland (86%), woodland (6%), and arable farmland (6%), giving a mixed agricultural and semi-natural landscape. In overall character, this is an upland landscape of steep, elevated terrain, with land use dominated by improved grassland.
Terrain measurements
Where this ward sits in NI
Geology and preservation
The dominant bedrock formed during the Palaeozoic era (Silurian period). Ancient sedimentary or metamorphic rock dating to before the age of dinosaurs; the resulting landscape has been long-stable enough to host every period of human activity. Bedrock composition is uniform (complexity index 0.31), with a single dominant geological unit underlying most of the ward. A uniform geology narrows the natural lithic-resource base available to past inhabitants.
Placename evidence
The combined OSNI, Logainm NI, and GeoNames sources record 43 placenames for this ward. Of those, 1 fall into the ecclesiastical category (cill-, teampall-, mainistir-, díseart-) — the only diagnostic heritage stratum identified beyond the generic Gaelic landscape substrate. Note: Irish-language (name_ga) forms are recorded for roughly half of NI placenames in the combined sources, so anglicised forms whose Irish original could belong to multiple categories may be misclassified.
Placename categories
Scheduled monuments in GRANSHA
Scheduled monuments are sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, designated by the Historic Environment Division (HED).
| Monument | Type | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Court tomb: Giant's Graves | Court Tomb: Giant'S Graves | Neolithic |
| Large circular enclosure | Large Circular Enclosure | Iron Age |
| Rath | Rath | Early Medieval |
| Rath: Cromie's Fort | Rath: Cromie'S Fort | Early Medieval |
| Large hilltop enclosure | Large Hilltop Enclosure | Iron Age |
| Rectangular enclosure: Carnew Fort | Rectangular Enclosure: Carnew Fort | Iron Age |
| Standing Stone | Standing Stone | Early Bronze Age |
| Motte: "Katesbridge Mound" | Motte: "Katesbridge Mound" | Medieval |
Recorded historic sites
| Name | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
| A.P. SITE | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – circular enclosure | Iron Age | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – crop mark, possibly remains of 19th century building. | Early Medieval | Domestic |
| A.P. SITE – cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – cropmark | Unknown | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – enclosure? | Iron Age | Unknown |
| A.P. SITE – oval enclosure | Iron Age | Unknown |
Listed buildings in GRANSHA
| Address / Name | Grade | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Drumgooland Presbyterian Church Cloghskelt Banbridge County Down BT32 5AT | B1 | 1820 – 1839 |
| Garvaghy Parish Church Garvaghy Church Road Fedany Dromore Co Down BT32 3SB | B+ | 1650 – 1699 |
| Beech Hall 109 Aughnaskeagh Road Dromara Co Down BT25 2NT | B1 | 1880 – 1899 |
| First Dromara Presbyterian Church Church Road Ardtanagh Co Down BT25 2NS | B1 | 1820 – 1839 |
| Marybrook 50 Kinallen Road Dromara Co Down BT32 3RN | B2 | 1840 – 1859 |
| 80 Enagh Road Banbridge Co Down BT25 | B2 | 1860 – 1879 |
| Bells Bridge Rathfriland Rd Dromara Dromore Co Down BT 25 | B2 | 1800 – 1819 |
| Altafort 62 Skeagh Road Dromore Banbridge Co Down BT25 2QB | B+ | 1820 – 1839 |
| Kinallen Manse 9 Tullinisky Road Dromara Banbridge Co Down BT25 2PJ | B1 | 1840 – 1859 |
| Glenlagan 38 Skeagh Road Dromore Co Down BT25 2QD | B1 | 1780 – 1799 |
Discover more in Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon
Want a deeper view?
Grounding History: 10 Maps of Northern Ireland’s Past
A spatial history report bringing together analysis of all 462 wards into one place through 10 high-quality maps — covering monument density, archaeological periods, placename heritage, terrain, wetland, and the historic landscape at first survey.
About this profile
What is a ward?
A ward is the smallest electoral and statistical geography used by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The boundaries used here are the 2014 NISRA / OSNI Wards (462 across Northern Ireland), each typically covering 1-700 km² and a population of a few thousand. Wards do not align with parishes, townlands, or any historic administrative unit — they are a modern statistical convenience, used here only as a fixed spatial frame within which to summarise heritage records.
What counts as a site?
Three distinct heritage record types are reported separately, not combined: (1) Historic Sites — entries in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR), the inventory of recorded archaeological sites and findspots, dated from prehistoric to early-modern; (2) Scheduled Monuments — sites legally protected under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order 1995 and maintained by the Historic Environment Division (HED); (3) Listed Buildings — buildings of architectural or historic interest protected under the Planning Act (NI) 2011 and graded A, B+, B1, B2, or Record-Only by HED. A site appearing in more than one register is counted in each register independently.
Editorial principles
These ward profiles describe evidence, not history. They report what is recorded, not what occurred. Where the data is ambiguous, we say so. We do not infer historical processes — population movements, settlement expansion, periods of decline — from patterns in the record. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: in Northern Ireland, where antiquarian survey was uneven and modern excavation is geographically biased, a gap in the record almost always reflects the limits of recording rather than a genuine historical absence. We mark such gaps explicitly where they appear in the data.
Limits of coverage and known caveats
Several caveats apply to every ward profile: (1) NISMR coverage is uneven across NI — some areas (notably parts of the south-east and the Belfast urban fringe) have been more intensively surveyed than others, so a low recorded site count does not reliably indicate a low past density of activity; (2) period attributions in NISMR are often 'Unknown', and chronological breakdowns reported here reflect only the dated subset; (3) placename classification depends on the Irish-language form (name_ga), which is recorded for approximately 50% of NI placenames in the combined sources, so ecclesiastical and pre-Christian counts may be understated where anglicised forms remain unparsed; (4) terrain percentile ranks compare each ward only to the other 461 NI wards; they are not absolute thresholds. For absence-dominant land cover categories (wetland, water, cropland), percentile ranks are suppressed below 1% raw value, since the ranking of zero-value wards is not meaningful.
Data sources (11)
- Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR) https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/nismr-public-mapviewer
- HED Scheduled Monuments Dataset https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@historic-environment-division/scheduled-monuments-northern-ireland
- HED Historic Buildings Record https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/topics/historic-environment/listed-buildings
- OSNI OS Open Names (Northern Ireland) https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data—50k-gazetteer
- Logainm — Placenames Database of Ireland https://www.logainm.ie/
- GeoNames https://www.geonames.org/
- Census 2021 (Northern Ireland) https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/2021-census
- OSNI Open Data — Largescale Boundaries https://www.opendatani.gov.uk/@ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland/osni-open-data-largescale-boundaries-wards-2012
- Copernicus GLO-30 DEM https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model
- ESA WorldCover https://esa-worldcover.org/
- GSNI 1:250,000 Geology https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/maps/